Hyundo's+WHAPwork


 * Read and take notes on chapter 5 headings from The Human Record, pp 173-174, 178, 181-182, 184-185 and p. 195. Then read section 45 (pp 190-194) "Political Cartoons and Caricatures from the French Revolution" and answer questions #1-5 (p 190). Post you answers on your gallery page. This should be completed IN CLASS.


 * 1) In their portrayal of social relationships of revolutionary France, how do the artists depict the clergy and the nobility?**

Before, the peasants had to provide for the First and Second Estates. However, 'The Present' cartoon of the depicts equality among the estates.


 * 2) How do they depict the members of the Third Estate?**

'The Past' cartoon depicts the Third Estate as being exploited by the other 2 estates. 'The Present' cartoon depicts equality among estates.


 * 3) What similarities and differences do you see in the way men and women are treated in the first two pairs of prints? What conclusions can be drawn about the status of French women on the basis of your comparisons?**

The cartoons indicate that the men had gained some kind of equality, where as the status of women didn't change much after the revolution.


 * 4) What specific grievances of the Third Estate are represented in the various cartoons?**

The Third Estate is providing food for the other two estates. The Third Estate is not allowed to eat rabbits and pigeons that were preserved for the other 2 estates.


 * 5) According to the cartoons, what changed in French society as a result if the early events of the revolution?**

According to the cartoons, the French society after the revolution showed more equality among the different classes.


 * **"From Mercantilism to Laissez Faire" pp 165-173 in //The Human Record: Vol II.// Do "Questions for analysis" (p. 169) #1-3.**

1) Smith denies that a nation’s wealth consists of the amount of gold and silver it controls. What arguments does he present to defend his position, and what are their implications for trade policy?

Adam Smith argues that the amount of gold and silver does not correspond with the wealth of a nation because the government interference and prohibitions limits exportation of these metals, thus prevents a nation with proper quantity of goods. He argues that the policy of trade should be in the forms of free trade where, without the attention of the government, would always provide the goods required.

2)Smith proposes that each individual by pursuing his or her own self-interest promotes the general welfare of society. What examples of this paradox does he provide? What implications does this paradox haver for government policy?

Smith proposes that individuals that seek his own advantage are likely employ his capital near him supporting domestic industry, and direct that industry to produce things of great values. He argues that the government policy of directing people on how they should employ their capital should stop. He gives an example of if the foreign good is cheaper than the domestic good, the foreign good should be bought with some parts produced from domestic industry.

3) What group in society would you expect to be most enthusiastic about Smith’s ideas? What groups might be expected to oppose them?

I would expect merchants and business people to be enthusiastic because these groups would able to trade the goods they want without restrictions, thus pursue their personal interests. Also, I would expect the consumers to be enthusiastic because they would be able to get products cheaper. However, the manufactures would oppose Smith’s ideas because they would have to compete with foreign goods brought from free trade.


 * Thesis: Compare and Contrast Economic and Political aspects of Meiji Dynasty of Japan and the Ottoman Empire**

During the period from 1750 to 1900, the Meiji Dynasty of Japan and the Ottoman Empire experienced similar occurrences politically and economically as both empires went through political reforms which led to constitutions, and both empires depended on foreign technology and capital to develop their economy, but differed economically as Japan started to increase their presence in the global world through industrialization, whereas the Ottomans were left out in the global trade.


 * The nature of a society that requires such strict codes of behavior from its people; how Yamaga justifies this description of samurai’s duties.**

While the occupations of merchants, farmers, and artisans function in society that the people’s needs are to be satisfied, samurai reflect on life devoting himself to duty above all other things. Yet, the duties of samurai are justified in the society because it provide peace, and teach the commoners what values are secondary and what are primary. Samurai reflect on the loyalty to master, fidelity in relation with family and friends, and consideration on positions. The commoners are devoted in their work that they have no time fully to examine such values (The Way). Therefore, samurai maintain the moral principal of the land by keeping of way of peace as well as keeping the weapons ready for use, and teaching the commoners the fundamentals of society. The duties of samurai are to maintain the code of behavior of the people, thus the duties of samurai are justified.

This needed more careful proof-reading and crafting, but your ideas are mostly sound. 9/10

The Ming Dynasty, which had been renowned for its greatness, is on the brink of decline due to lack of leadership and frequent invasions. The emperor of Ming has cut himself from the rest of the world, and locked himself up in the forbidden city. The government became inept because government officials only work to please the emperor, and the emperor has no direct contact with the outside world. My majesty, this must stop. You must cut corrupted officials even if they are trusted eunuchs, and handle things on your own. The emperor's ears are block that he is no longer capable of listening to the people's sufferings. Due to corrupt government, many of our scholars and generals are leaving our empire. The nomads in Manchu are gaining their power. Looking at our circumstance, our empire wouldn't stand a chance against their attack. My majesty, the Ming dynasty is no longer invincible. You have to prepare against their attack, or we will face defeat.

10/10

Notes on" Why We Study World History".

World History prepares students for their citizenship in the world. We live in a world full with different people, places, and societies. Differences are in fact annoying, and can push people to their extremes. It creates extreme nationalists, and racists. Study of world history might not bring peace immediately, but it can establish understandings of these differences. Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, and the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean basins. Throughout history we’ve seen different people interact with each other. Humans are capable of interacting despite their differences. Study leads to respect, rather than suspicion.( Hitlers and Jews. The Germans hated the Jews also because they were different)

The philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah argues we should learn about people in other places because it will help us get used to one another. We don’t understand things, but get used to it.( KIS, elevator policy)

Understanding the concerns of other peoples, people can change politics to engage in controlling tensions, avoiding conflicts, and agreeing things fair for different people.

United States is powerful, so their students are required to study and understand other people. This is not disregarding national values. In fact, societies rely on each other. We can develop as the whole world if we understand and try to agree. Prepares people for global citizenship. Changes moral perspective.

Understanding other people’s history alongside comes respect for them.

American leaders demonized places such as China and Russia, places that were unknown. It was to gain domestic support by creating fear. People now must have a clearer view of this world.

Study of world history leads to good judgments. We gain experience from history.

Author’s wisdom depends on the ability to recognize interests of different peoples and societies, and the ability to look from a multiple perspectives. Judgment is ability to make decisions even when things are not clear in the society. World history help these developed these factors. Insight to a problem comes from study human affairs.

Even if the study of world history does not direct answers, it can offer guidances.

No nations, people, or societies have missions in this world. American way may not be the best for everyone. It is hard impose things on others because people are unwilling. History tells us this. It leads to conflicts and money issues.

Politics must resolve differences of societies.

Humans flourished because of their creativity and inventions. Now we understand, in exchange, we harmed the environment. Advanced technology encourages more efficient exploiting of nature- fishing with an advanced nets. History shows us the capability of humans changing environment, but also how we could improve the environment. History tells us we should gather politically to make nature our priority.

World history helps us by teaching the world and its development, how to understand different societies, the development of good judgment, and wisdom about solving issues in the contemporary world.